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List of uprisings led by women
Women-led uprisings are mass protests that are initiated by women. They range from village food riots to the protests that initiated the Russian revolution.
==Food riots==
E.P. Thompson's classic article "The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the 18th Century" emphasised women's role in many food riots. He argued that the rioters insisted on the idea of a moral community that was obliged to feed them and their families. As one contemporary commentator wrote: 'Women are more disposed to be mutinous ... () in all public tumults they are foremost in violence and ferocity.' 〔(E.P.Thompson, ''Customs in Common'', p234 ).〕
John Bohstedt later argued that Thompson had exaggerated women's role in food riots. Thompson responded by forcefully rejecting Bohstedt's criticism.〔(E.P.Thompson, 'The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the 18th Century' and 'Moral Economy Reviewed' in ''Customs in Common'' ), p185-335; Malcolm Thomis and Jennifer Grimmett, ''Women in Protest, 1800-1850'', p28ff; John Bohstedt, 'The Myth of the Feminine Food Riot' in Harriet Applewhite and Darlene Levy, ''Women and Politics in the Age of Democratic Revolution''.〕 We will never know the exact proportion of women's involvement in 18th Century food riots, but it appears that, at the very least, women led or initiated a significant minority of such riots and they participated in many more. Women did not participate in earlier uprisings such as the widespread popular revolts of the late Middle Ages.〔Samuel Cohn, ''Lust for Liberty'', p130-5, 228.〕 He indicates that women's new assertiveness had something to do with the weakening of the patriarchal control of women as feudalism declined and market relations expanded.
Men and women participated in food riots in Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany (where contemporary reports claimed that women initiated many riots). Women also conducted nearly a third of food riots during the American Revolution.〔William Sheehan, Riotous Assemblies, p160; (Wouter Ronsijn, ''Western Europe's last food riots: a comparison of the market riots of the 1840's and 1850's in Flanders'' ); H.Applewhite and D.Levy, ''Women and Politics in the Age of Democratic Revolution'', 127-30; Manfred Gailus in K.Hagemann, ''Civil Society and Gender'', p174-9; (Barbara Clark Smith, 'Food Rioters and the American Revolution' ), ''William and Mary Quarterly'', Vol. 51, No. 1, p3-5, 26-9.〕
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